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Impact of Biological Insecticides on Southern Armyworm and Beet Armyworm in Bell Pepper, 1997

P.A. Stansly, J.M. Conner, & P.W. Carlin
University of Florida/IFAS
Southwest Florida Res. and Ed. Center
2686 State Road 29 North
Immokalee, Florida 34142-9515
(239) 658-3427

BELL PEPPER: Capsicum annuum (L.) ‘Enterprise’
Southern Armyworm Spodoptera eridania (Cramer)
Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)

Greenhouse-raised ‘Enterprise’ pepper plants were transplanted on 1 Oct at 10 inch spacing in single rows on 4 drip-tape irrigated beds, 32 inches wide and 240 ft long on 6 ft centers. Beds had been fertilized with 800 lbs/acre of 5-16-8 dry bottom mix and fed 1.5 lb/acre/day of N and K through the drip system. When formed the beds were fumigated with a 67/33% mixture of methyl bromide/chloropicrin at a rate of 300 lbs/acre, and covered with black polyethylene film. Each pair of beds was separated by an untreated bed of bell pepper. Each bed was divided into plots » 30 ft long and were assigned to 8 treatments in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied weekly for 3 weeks beginning 17 Oct using a high clearance sprayer with two vertical and one horizontal boom fitted with one ceramic "yellow@ Albuz tm hollow cone nozzle each delivering spray at 200 psi for a rate of 32 GPA.. A precount made 16 Oct of 25 plants per replication revealed only one southern armyworm total and an average of less than one each of a small, medium, and large beet armyworm per plant. Weekly evaluations beginning 21 Oct were made on 10 plants per plot. Total numbers of beet armyworms and southern armyworms per plant were recorded by size of larvae. An evaluation of plant damage was made on 9 Dec where 0 = no damage, 1 = 1 - 2% damage, 2 = 2 - 5% damage, 3 = 6 - 10% damage, 4 = 11 - 30% damage, and 5 = > 30% plant damaged. All fruit was harvested, counted and weighed on 9 Dec and 16 Jan.

 

Mean numbers of larvae from 10 plants per plot on 21 Oct

Treatment/
Formulation

 Rate Per
Acre		 Beet Armyworm Southern Armyworm All LarvaeTotal
Small Medium Large Total Small Medium Total
ABG-6492 WG 1.2 lb 0.18a 0.23ab 0.05ab 0.45a 0.05ab 0.00b 0.05ab 0.50ab
ABG-6292 WG 1.0 lb 0.05abc 0.15b 0.00b 0.20abc 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.20bc
Xentari WG 1.5 lb 0.00c 0.08b 0.00b 0.08bc 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.08c
Confirm 2F 0.125 lb ai 0.03bc 0.00b 0.00b 0.03c 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.03c
CRYMAX WG 1 lb 0.15ab 0.18b 0.00b 0.33ab 0.10ab 0.03ab 0.13ab 0.45ab
Lepinox WG 1 lb 0.08abc 0.10b 0.13a 0.30abc 0.23a 0.00b 0.23a 0.53ab
Lannate L 0.75 lb ai 0.05abc 0.10b 0.13a 0.28abc 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.28bc
Untreated   0.03bc 0.43a 0.00b 0.45a 0.13ab 0.05a 0.18ab 0.63a
Means in columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P < 0.05).

 

Mean numbers of larvae from 10 plants per plot on 27 Oct

Treatment/
Formulation

 Rate Per
Acre

Beet Armyworm

Southern Armyworm

 All Larvae Total
Small Medium Large Total Small Total
ABG-6492 WG 1.2 lb 0.08ab 0.05ab 0.00b 0.13b 0.00b 0.00b 0.13b
ABG-6292 WG 1.0 lb 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00c 0.00b 0.00b 0.00c
Xentari WG 1.5 lb 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00c 0.00b 0.00b 0.00c
Confirm 2F 0.125 lb ai 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00c 0.00b 0.00b 0.00c
CRYMAX WG 1 lb 0.03ab 0.00b 0.00b 0.03bc 0.00b 0.00b 0.03bc
Lepinox WG 1 lb 0.10a 0.03b 0.00b 0.13b 0.00b 0.00b 0.13b
Lannate L 0.75 lb ai 0.00b 0.03b 0.00b 0.03bc 0.00b 0.00b 0.03bc
Untreated   0.10a 0.13a 0.03a 0.25a 0.08a 0.08a 0.33a
Means in columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different(Fisher’s Protected LSD, P < 0.05).

 

Mean numbers of larvae from 10 plants per plot on 03 Nov

Treatment/
Formulation

 Rate Per
Acre

Beet Armyworm

Southern Armyworm

 All Larvae Total
Small Medium Total Small Medium Total
ABG-6492 WG 1.2 lb 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b
ABG-6292 WG 1.0 lb 0.00ab 0.00ab 0.00ab 0.00 0.00b 0.00b 0.00ab
Xentari WG 1.5 lb 0.03b 0.00b 0.03b 0.00 0.00b 0.00b 0.03b
Confirm 2F 0.125 lb ai 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b
CRYMAX WG 1 lb 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b
Lepinox WG 1 lb 0.13b 0.03ab 0.15ab 0.03 0.03a 0.05a 0.20ab
Lannate L 0.75 lb ai 0.75a 0.00b 0.75a 0.00 0.00b 0.00b 0.75a
Untreated   0.13ab 0.05a 0.18ab 0.03 0.00b 0.03ab 0.20ab
Means in columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P < 0.05).

 

Mean numbers of larvae from 10 plants per plot on 13 Nov
Treatment/
Formulation		 Rate Per
Acre		 Beet Armyworm Southern Armyworm All Larvae Total
Small Medium Total Small Medium Total
ABG-6492 WG 1.2 lb 0.05 0.05 0.11 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.11b
ABG-6292 WG 1.0 lb 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.10b
Xentari WG 1.5 lb 0.08 0.00 0.08 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.08b
Confirm 2F 0.125 lb ai 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b
CRYMAX WG 1 lb 0.08 0.00 0.08 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.08b
Lepinox WG 1 lb 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.03b
Lannate L 0.75 lb ai 0.15 0.03 0.18 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.18b
Untreated   0.10 0.10 0.20 0.18a 0.03a 0.20a 0.40a
Means in columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P < 0.05).

 

Mean numbers of larvae from 10 plants per plot on 18 Nov
Treatment/
Formulation		 Rate Per
Acre		 Beet Armyworm Southern Armyworm All Larvae Total
Small Medium Total Small Medium Total
ABG-6492 WG 1.2 lb 0.05ab 0.03ab 0.08ab 0.03 0.03 0.05ab 0.13b
ABG-6292 WG 1.0 lb 0.00b 0.03ab 0.03b 0.00 0.00 0.00b 0.03bc
Xentari WG 1.5 lb 0.08ab 0.00b 0.08ab 0.03 0.00 0.03ab 0.10bc
Confirm 2F 0.125 lb ai 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00 0.00 0.00b 0.00c
CRYMAX WG 1 lb 0.03b 0.00b 0.03b 0.00 0.00 0.00b 0.03bc
Lepinox WG 1 lb 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00 0.00 0.00b 0.00c
Lannate L 0.75 lb ai 0.03b 0.08a 0.10ab 0.00 0.00 0.00b 0.10bc
Untreated   0.13a 0.05ab 0.18a 0.03 0.05 0.08a 0.25a
Means in columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P < 0.05).

 

Mean numbers of larvae from 10 plants per plot on 24 Nov
Treatment/
Formulation		 Rate Per
Acre		 Beet Armyworm Southern Armyworm All Larvae Total
Small Medium Large Total Medium Total
ABG-6492 WG 1.2 lb 0.00b 0.03 0.00b 0.03ab 0.00 0.00 0.03bc
ABG-6292 WG 1.0 lb 0.00b 0.00 0.00b 0.00b 0.00 0.00 0.00c
Xentari WG 1.5 lb 0.00b 0.00 0.00b 0.00b 0.00 0.00 0.00c
Confirm 2F 0.125 lb ai 0.00b 0.00 0.00b 0.00b 0.00 0.00 0.00c
CRYMAX WG 1 lb 0.00b 0.00 0.05a 0.05ab 0.03 0.03 0.08abc
Lepinox WG 1 lb 0.00b 0.00 0.00b 0.00b 0.00 0.00 0.00c
Lannate L 0.75 lb ai 0.03ab 0.10 0.03ab 0.15ab 0.03 0.03 0.18ab
Untreated   0.10a 0.05 0.03ab 0.18a 0.03 0.03 0.20a
Means in columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P < 0.05).

 

Mean numbers of larvae from 10 plants per plot on 02 Dec
Treatment/Formulation Rate Per
Acre		 Beet Armyworm Southern Armyworm All Larvae Total
Small Medium Large Total Small Medium Large Total
ABG-6492 WG 1.2 lb 0.00b 0.03 0.00b 0.03ab 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00c 0.03bc
ABG-6292 WG 1.0 lb 0.03ab 0.00 0.00b 0.03ab 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00c 0.03bc
Xentari WG 1.5 lb 0.00b 0.00 0.00b 0.00b 0.03ab 0.00b 0.00b 0.03bc 0.03bc
Confirm 2F 0.125 lb ai 0.00b 0.00 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00c 0.00c
CRYMAX WG 1 lb 0.05a 0.00 0.00b 0.05ab 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00c 0.05bc
Lepinox WG 1 lb 0.00b 0.00 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.18a 0.00b 0.18ab 0.18b
Lannate L 0.75 lb ai 0.00b 0.00 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.10ab 0.05a 0.15abc 0.15bc
Untreated   0.03ab 0.03 0.03a 0.08a 0.08a 0.20a 0.00b 0.28a 0.35a
Means in columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P < 0.05).

 

Mean numbers of larvae from 10 plants per plot over all dates
Treatment/
Formulation		 Rate Per
Acre		 Beet Armyworm Southern Armyworm All Larvae Total
Small Medium Large Total Small Medium Large Total
ABG-6492 WG 1.2 lb 0.05ab 0.06b 0.01 0.12ab 0.01ab 0.00b 0.00b 0.01b 0.13ab
ABG-6292 WG 1.0 lb 0.03ab 0.04bc 0.00 0.08ab 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.08b
Xentari WG 1.5 lb 0.03ab 0.01bc 0.00 0.04ab 0.01ab 0.00b 0.00b 0.01b 0.04b
Confirm 2F 0.125 lb ai 0.00b 0.00c 0.00 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b 0.00b
CRYMAX WG 1 lb 0.05ab 0.03bc 0.01 0.08ab 0.01ab 0.01b 0.00b 0.02b 0.10ab
Lepinox WG 1 lb 0.05ab 0.02bc 0.02 0.09ab 0.04ab 0.03ab 0.00b 0.06ab 0.15ab
Lannate L 0.75 lb ai 0.14a 0.05bc 0.02 0.21a 0.00b 0.02ab 0.01a 0.03b 0.24ab
Untreated   0.09ab 0.12a 0.01 0.21a 0.07a 0.05a 0.00b 0.12a 0.34a
Means in columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P < 0.05).

 

Treatment/
Formulation		 Rate per
Acre		 One time mean damage rating for 10 plants per plot on 09 Dec
ABG-6492 WG 1.2 lb 1.05b
ABG-6292 WG 1.0 lb 0.63cd
Xentari WG 1.5 lb 0.70bc
Confirm 2F 0.125 lb ai 0.25d
CRYMAX WG 1 lb 0.83bc
Lepinox WG 1 lb 0.60cd
Lannate L 0.75 lb ai 0.83bc
Untreated   2.15a
Means in columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different
(Fisher’s Protected LSD, P < 0.05).
Damage rating scale: 0 = no damage, 1 = 1-2% leaves damaged, 2 = 2-5% damage, 3 = 6-10% damage, 4 = 11-30% damage, and 5 = >30% of leaves damaged.

 

Mean number of fruit harvested from 20 plants per plot on 09 Dec
Treatment/
Formulation		 Rate Per
Acre

Marketable

Unmarketable
 

Armyworm Damage

Disease Damage
No. Wt. No. Wt. No. Wt.
ABG-6492 WG 1.2 lb 17.50b 6.08b 0.50 0.13 0.00 0.00
ABG-6292 WG 1.0 lb 16.00b 5.75b 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Xentari WG 1.5 lb 23.25ab 8.80ab 0.75 0.10 0.25 0.10
Confirm 2F 0.125 lb ai 17.50b 5.73b 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CRYMAX WG 1 lb 21.50ab 7.58ab 1.00 0.35 0.00 0.00
Lepinox WG 1 lb 28.75a 10.15a 1.00 0.18 0.25 0.05
Lannate L 0.75 lb ai 18.25b 5.88b 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Untreated   20.75b 7.20b 0.75 0.15 0.00 0.00
Means in columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different
(Fisher’s Protected LSD, P < 0.05).

 

Mean number of marketable fruit harvested from 20 plants per plot on 16 Jan

Treatment/
Formulation

 Rate Per
Acre		 No. Wt.
ABG-6492 WG 1.2 lb 36.00ab 13.18ab
ABG-6292 WG 1.0 lb 27.00b 10.38ab
Xentari WG 1.5 lb 47.25a 18.10ab
Confirm 2F 0.125 lb ai 27.75ab 10.23b
CRYMAX WG 1 lb 33.50ab 13.50ab
Lepinox WG 1 lb 37.25ab 18.85a
Lannate L 0.75 lb ai 31.00ab 11.68ab
Untreated   38.25ab 16.05ab
Means in columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P < 0.05).

 

Mean number of total fruit harvested from 20 plants per plot on 09 Dec and 16 Jan
Treatment/Formulation Rate Per Acre Marketable Unmarketable
Armyworm Damage Disease Damage
No. Wt. No. Wt. No. Wt.
ABG-6492 WG 1.2 lb 53.50ab 19.25abc 0.50 0.13 0.00 0.00
ABG-6292 WG 1.0 lb 43.00b 16.13bc 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Xentari WG 1.5 lb 70.50a 26.90ab 0.75 0.10 0.25 0.10
Confirm 2F 0.125 lb ai 45.25b 15.95c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CRYMAX WG 1 lb 55.00ab 21.08abc 1.00 0.35 0.00 0.00
Lepinox WG 1 lb 66.00ab 29.00a 1.00 0.18 0.25 0.05
Lannate L 0.75 lb ai 49.25ab 17.55bc 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Untreated   59.00ab 23.25abc 0.75 0.15 0.00 0.00
Means in columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different
(Fisher’s Protected LSD, P < 0.05).

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